منابع مشابه
How parts make up wholes
We propose a schema that characterizes how parts constitute wholes at diverse levels of organization, ranging from the atomic to the biological to the social. This schema of tags, organizers, attachers, and communicators provides a unified understanding of the structure, function, and dynamics of organization in physics, biology, and the cognitive and social sciences. We use this schema to iden...
متن کاملParts and Wholes
Philosophical questions concerning parts and wholes have received a tremendous amount of the attention of contemporary analytic metaphysicians. In what follows, I discuss some of the central questions. The questions to be discussed are: how general is parthood? Are there different kinds of parthood or ways to be a part? Can two things be composed of the same parts? When does composition occur? ...
متن کاملReciprocals, Parts, and Wholes∗
The behavior of reciprocals with singular antecedents in Irish is examined. It is argued that they provide important new support for the treatment of the semantics of reciprocals found in Heim et al. (1991)
متن کاملHow Many Parts to Make at Once
Every manufacturer is confronted with the problem of finding the most economical quantity to manufacture in putting through an order. This is a general problem and admits of a general solution, and, however much it may be advisable to exercise judgment in a particular case, such exercise of judgment will be assisted by a knowledge of the general solution. The writer has seen the practical worki...
متن کاملWholes and Parts in General Systems Methodology
Reconstructability analysis (RA) decomposes wholes, namely data in the form either of settheoretic relations or multivariate probability distributions, into parts, namely relations or distributions involving subsets of variables. Data is modeled and compressed by variablebased decomposition, by more general state-based decomposition, or by the use of latent variables. Models, which specify the ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Physiology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1664-042X
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00455